Cocoa nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndichokoletindipo ali ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingatsimikizire kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino.Nyemba ya cocoa ndi gwero langozi lazakudya za polyphenols, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma antioxidants omaliza kuposa zakudya zambiri.Ndizodziwika bwino kuti ma polyphenols amalumikizidwa ndi thanzi labwino, chifukwa chake cocoa ali ndi ma polyphenols ambiri, ndipo chokoleti chakuda, chomwe chili ndi kuchuluka kwa cocoa ndi ma antioxidants ambiri okhudzana ndi mitundu ina ya chokoleti, akhala akuwona kufunika kwa thanzi.

Zopatsa thanzi za cocoa

Cocoa imakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, ~ 40 -50% omwe ali mu batala wa koko.Izi zimakhala ndi 33% oleic acid, 25% palmitic acid, ndi 33% stearic acid.Polyphenol imapanga pafupifupi 10% ya kulemera konse kwa nyemba.Ma polyphenols omwe cocoa ali nawo akuphatikizapo makatekini (37%), anthocyanidins (4%), ndi proanthocyanins (58%).Proanthocyanins ndi phytonutrient yomwe imapezeka kwambiri mu koko.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuwawa kwa ma polyphenols ndichifukwa chake nyemba za koko zosakonzedwa sizimakoma;opanga apanga njira yopangira kuti athetse kuwawa uku.Komabe, njirayi imachepetsa kwambiri zinthu za polyphenol.Zomwe zili ndi polyphenol zimatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka khumi.

Nyemba za koko zimakhalanso ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni - awa akuphatikizapo mapuloteni ndi methylxanthines, omwe ndi theobromine ndi caffeine.Cocoa imakhalanso ndi mchere wambiri, phosphorous, chitsulo, potaziyamu, mkuwa, ndi magnesium.

Zotsatira zamtima pakugwiritsa ntchito cocoa

cocoa amalowetsedwa makamaka ngati chokoleti;Kumwa chokoleti kwawona kuwonjezeka kwaposachedwa padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe chokoleti chakuda chikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa chakuchulukira kwake kwa koko komanso zotsatira zake zopindulitsa paumoyo poyerekeza ndi chokoleti wamba kapena wamkaka.Kuphatikiza apo, bwerani ndi chokoleti chokhala ndi cocoa otsika monga chokoleti chamkaka nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta chifukwa cha shuga wambiri komanso mafuta.

Pankhani ya kumeza cocoa, chokoleti chakuda ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino cha cocoa chokhudzana ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa thanzi;cocoa mu mawonekedwe ake aiwisi ndi osakoma.

Pali mndandanda wa zotsatira zopindulitsa pa dongosolo la mtima lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudya nthawi zonse zakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zimakhala ndi cocoa izi zimaphatikizapo zotsatira za kuthamanga kwa magazi, mitsempha ndi mapulateleti, komanso kukana insulini.

Ma polyphenols, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mu koko ndi chokoleti chakuda, amatha kuyambitsa endothelial nitrogen oxide synthase.Izi zimabweretsa kubadwa kwa nitrogen oxide, yomwe imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi polimbikitsa vasodilation.Kafukufuku wawonetsa kusintha kwa liwiro la pulse wave ndi index ya sclerotic score.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa epicatechin m'madzi a m'magazi kumathandizira kutulutsa ma vasodilator opangidwa ndi endothelium ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma procyanidin a plasma.Izi zimabweretsa kupanga kwakukulu kwa nitrogen oxide, ndi bioavailability yake.

Akatulutsidwa, nitrogen oxide imayambitsanso njira yophatikizira ya prostacyclin, yomwe imagwiranso ntchito ngati vasodilator ndipo imathandiziranso kuteteza ku thrombosis.

Kuwunika kwadongosolo kwawonetsa kuti kumwa chokoleti nthawi zonse, kuwerengedwa ngati <100g / sabata, kungagwirizane ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha matenda a mtima;mlingo woyenera kwambiri wa chokoleti unali 45g / sabata, monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito kwambiri, zotsatira za thanzi izi zikhoza kuthetsedwa ndi shuga wambiri.

Ponena za mitundu ina ya matenda amtima, kafukufuku woyembekezeredwa waku Sweden adagwirizanitsa kumwa chokoleti ndi chiwopsezo chochepa cha matenda a myocardial infarction ndi ischemic heart disease.Komabe, kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa kudya chokoleti ndi chiopsezo cha fibrillation ya atrial kwanenedwa mu gulu la madokotala achimuna a United States.Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wokhudza anthu 20,192 adalephera kuwonetsa kugwirizana pakati pa kudya chokoleti (mpaka 100 g / tsiku) ndi kulephera kwa mtima.

Cocoa yasonyezedwanso kuti imagwira ntchito pochiza matenda a ubongo monga sitiroko;Kafukufuku wamkulu wa ku Japan, wokhudzana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu, adawonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa chiopsezo chochepa cha sitiroko mwa amayi, koma osati amuna, ponena za kumwa chokoleti.

Zotsatira za kumwa kwa cocoa pa glucose homeostasis

Cocoa imakhala ndi ma flavanols omwe amawongolera glucose homeostasis.Amatha kuchedwetsa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kuyamwa kwa ma carbohydrate m'matumbo, zomwe zimapanga maziko amakanidwe a zochita zawo.Zotulutsa za Cocoa ndi procyanidins zawonetsedwa kuti zimalepheretsa pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, ndi secreted phospholipase A2.

Cocoa ndi ma flavanols ake adathandiziranso kusamva bwino kwa shuga mwa kuwongolera kayendedwe ka shuga ndi mapuloteni owonetsa insulin m'matenda omwe amakhudzidwa ndi insulin monga chiwindi, minofu ya adipose, ndi minofu yamafupa.Izi zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni ndi kutupa komwe kumakhudzana ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

Zotsatira zochokera ku Physician Health Study zanenanso za ubale wosagwirizana pakati pa kumwa koka ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga.M'magulu a anthu amitundu yambiri, chiopsezo chochepa chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 chapezeka, ndi kudya kwambiri kwa chokoleti ndi flavonoids zochokera ku cocoa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku woyembekezeredwa mwa amayi apakati aku Japan awonetsanso kutsika kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga pakati pa amayi omwe amamwa chokoleti chochuluka kwambiri.

Kafukufuku wina wowonetsa kuyanjana kwa koko ndi glucose homeostasis awonetsa kuti zotulutsa za cocoa ndi ma procyanidins zimalepheretsa kupanga ma enzymes kuti agayire chakudya chamafuta ndi lipids, zomwe zikuwonetsa gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kulemera kwa thupi limodzi ndi zakudya zochepetsera kalori. .

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wamunthu wosawona, wosasinthika, woyendetsedwa ndi placebo wawonetsa phindu la kagayidwe kake kakudya chokoleti chakuda chokhala ndi polyphenol komanso kuthekera kwa zovuta zomwe zimachitika ndi chokoleti chosauka kwambiri cha polyphenol.

Zotsatira za kumwa koka pa khansa

Kugwiritsa ntchito koko mogwira mtima pa khansa ndikovuta.Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adawonetsa kuti kudya chokoleti kumatha kukhala chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya colorectal ndi m'mawere.Komabe kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti koko akhoza kulepheretsa kukula kwa maselo a khansamu vitro;ngakhale izi, njira za ntchito yolimbana ndi khansa sizikumveka bwino.

Pankhani ya chigawo chogwira ntchito mu koko chomwe chimapanga zotsatira zotsutsana ndi khansa, ma procyanidin makamaka awonetsedwa kuti amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'mapapo komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa adenoma ya chithokomiro mu makoswe amphongo.Mankhwalawa amathanso kulepheretsa mammary ndi pancreatic tumorigenesis mu makoswe achikazi.Cocoa procyanidins amachepetsanso ntchito yokhudzana ndi zotupa zokhudzana ndi chotupa monga chotupa cha vascular endothelial growth factor ntchito ndi angiogenic.

Kuchiza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma cell a khansa ya ovarian yokhala ndi cocoa wolemera mu procyanidin kwawonetsedwa kuti kumapangitsa cytotoxicity ndi chemosensitization.Makamaka, kuchuluka kwa ma cell mu gawo la G0/G1 la ma cell ndikuchulukirachulukira.Kuphatikiza pa izi, gawo lalikulu la maselo adamangidwanso mu gawo la S.Zotsatirazi zimaganiziridwa kuti zimabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma intracellular amtundu wa oxygen.

Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyezanso zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za koko pa chiopsezo ndi kufalikira kwa khansa.Cocoa polyphenols awonetsedwa kuti amatulutsa antiproliferative zotsatira chifukwa chosokoneza kagayidwe ka polyamine mumu vitromaphunziro a anthu.Mumu vivoMaphunziro a makoswe a proanthocyanidin omwe amapezeka mu chokoleti chakuda awonetsedwa kuti amalepheretsa kusintha kwa khansa ya pancreatic panthawi yoyambilira komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira za chemoprotective m'mapapo, kuchepetsa kuchulukana komanso kufalikira kwa carcinomas motengera mlingo.

Kuti mudziwe zotsatira zonse za koko pa chiopsezo chochepetsera chiopsezo kapena kuopsa kwa khansa, kumasulira kwina ndi maphunziro omwe akuyembekezeka ndikofunikira.

Zotsatira za koko pa chitetezo chamthupi

Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito koko kapena chokoleti awonetsa kuti zakudya zokhala ndi cocoa zimatha kusintha mayankho a chitetezo cham'mimba mu makoswe ang'onoang'ono.Makamaka, theobromine ndi cocoa adawonetsedwa kuti ali ndi udindo wowongolera matumbo a antibody komanso kusintha mawonekedwe a lymphocyte mu makoswe athanzi.

Pakafukufuku wa anthu, kafukufuku wopangidwa mwachisawawa wapawiri wakhungu wawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chokoleti chakuda kumathandizira kuti ma leukocyte azimatira komanso magwiridwe antchito a mitsempha mwa amuna omwe anali onenepa kwambiri.Komanso, otenga nawo mbali pazagawo, zowonera, kafukufuku wa anthu omwe amamwa koko mokhazikika adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda ocheperako pafupipafupi poyerekeza ndi ogula otsika.Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa koko kunali kosagwirizana ndi ziwengo komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Zotsatira za koko pa kulemera kwa thupi

Motsutsa, pali mgwirizano pakati pa kumwa koko ndi ntchito yake yomwe ingatheke ngati njira yochizira kunenepa kwambiri ndi metabolic syndrome.Izi zimachokera kwa angapomu vitromaphunziro a mbewa ndi makoswe komanso mayeso owongolera mwachisawawa, omwe akuyembekezeka kukhala anthu, komanso maphunziro owongolera milandu mwa anthu.

Mu mbewa ndi makoswe, makoswe onenepa ophatikizidwa ndi koko adachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutupa kokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a chiwindi chamafuta, komanso kukana insulini.Kumwa koko kunachepetsanso kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta acid ndikutumiza ku chiwindi ndi minofu ya adipose.

Mwa anthu, kununkhiza kapena kumeza chokoleti chakuda kumatha kusintha njala, kupondereza chilakolako chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ghrelin, timadzi timene timayambitsa njala.Kudya chokoleti chakuda pafupipafupi kumatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yabwino" ya lipoprotein ("yabwino"), kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein, ndi zolembera zotupa;Zotsatira zofananazi zidawoneka pamene kumwa chokoleti chakuda kuphatikiza ndi maamondi, adawonetsedwa kuti amathandizira mbiri yamafuta m'magazi.

Ponseponse, cocoa ndi zotuluka zake zimatha kukhala ngati zakudya zogwira ntchito chifukwa zimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapindulitsa paumoyo.Ubwino wake wathanzi umakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi, mtima, komanso kagayidwe kachakudya kutchula ochepa.Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wawonetsa zotsatira zabwino za kumwa kwa cocoa pakatikati pa mitsempha.

Pali zolepheretsa ndi maphunziro opangidwa kuti afufuze momwe koko amakhudzira - kutanthauza kuti amawunika zomwe zimalimbikitsa thanzi la koko osati chokoleti chokha.Izi ndizodziwikiratu chifukwa cocoa nthawi zambiri amadyedwa ngati chokoleti, zomwe thanzi lake ndi losiyana ndi koko.Momwemonso, ntchito ya chokoleti pa thanzi la munthu silingafanane konse ndi koko.

Zolepheretsa zina ndikusowa kwa maphunziro a epidemiological omwe amawunika thanzi la koko m'njira zosiyanasiyana - chokoleti chakuda chomwe chikuchulukirachulukira.Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zingapo zosokoneza monga zigawo zina zazakudya, kuwonekera kwa chilengedwe, moyo, komanso kuchuluka kwa chokoleti, komanso kapangidwe kake komwe kumachepetsa mphamvu ya umboni woperekedwa ndi maphunziro.

Maphunziro owonjezera omasulira ndi ofunikira kuti adziwe zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chodya koko, chokoleti komanso kutsimikizira zotsatira zoyesedwa mu vitro pa nyama.