Mukufuna kudziwa komwe mulichokoletiamachokera?Muyenera kupita kumadera otentha, amvula komwe mvula imagwa pafupipafupi ndipo zovala zanu zimamamatira kumbuyo kwanu nthawi yachilimwe.M'mafamu ang'onoang'ono, mudzapeza mitengo yokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, zokongola zotchedwa cocoo pods - ngakhale sizikuwoneka ngati zilizonse zomwe mungapeze m'sitolo.

M’kati mwa makokowo mumamera njere zimene timafufumitsa, kuziwotcha, kuzipera, kuziziritsa, kupsa mtima, ndi nkhungu kuti tipange chokoleti chathu chomwe timakonda.

Conco, tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane cipatso codabwitsa cimeneci ndi zimene zili mkati mwake.

Makoko a cacao ongokololedwa kumene;izi posachedwapa zidulidwa pakati okonzeka kutolera njere.

KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO YA CACAO

Mbeu za koko zimamera kuchokera ku “mitsamiro yamaluwa” panthambi za mtengo wa koko (Theobroma cocoa, kapena “chakudya cha milungu,” kulongosola ndendende).Pedro Varas Valdez, wolimi wa koko wochokera ku Guayaquil, Ecuador, amandiuza kuti maonekedwe a makoko - omwe amadziwika kutimazorcam'Chisipanishi - zidzasiyana kwambiri kutengera mitundu, chibadwa, dera, ndi zina.

Koma onse ali ndi dongosolo lomwelo pamene muwathyola.

Eduardo Salazar, yemwe amapanga koko pa Finca Joya Verde ku El Salvador, amandiuza kuti "Makoko a cacao amapangidwa ndi exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp, funicle, mbewu ndi zamkati."

Anatomy ya cocoa pod.

The Exocarp

Cocao exocarp ndi chigoba chakuda cha pod.Monga wosanjikiza wakunja, uli ndi malo opindika omwe amateteza chipatso chonsecho.

Mosiyana ndi khofi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira ikakhala yosapsa komanso yofiira - kapena nthawi zina lalanje, chikasu, kapena pinki, kutengera mitundu - ikakhwima, cacao exocarp imabwera mu utawaleza wamitundu.Monga momwe Alfredo Mena, wopanga khofi ndi koko ku Finca Villa España, El Salvador, akundiuza kuti, “Mutha kupeza zobiriwira, zofiira, zachikasu, zofiirira, zapinki ndi mamvekedwe ake onse motsatana.”

Mtundu wa exocarp udzadalira zinthu ziwiri: mtundu wachilengedwe wa pod ndi msinkhu wake wakucha.Pedro amandiuza kuti zimatengera miyezi inayi kapena isanu kuti nyembazo zikule ndi kucha.“Mtundu wake umatiuza kuti yakonzeka,” iye akufotokoza motero.“Kuno, ku Ecuador, mtundu wa nyemba umasiyananso ndi mithunzi yambiri, koma pali mitundu iŵiri yofunika, yobiriwira ndi yofiira.Mtundu wobiriwira (wachikasu ukakhwima) umagwirizana ndi koko wa Nacional, pomwe mitundu yofiira kapena yofiirira (lalanje ikakhwima) imapezeka ku Criollo ndi Trinitario (CCN51).

Nkhaka yobiriwira, yosapsa imamera pamtengo pa Finca Joya Verde, El Salvador.

Nacional cacao, Criollo, Trinitario CCN51: zonsezi zikutanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana.Ndipo pali zambiri za izi.

Mwachitsanzo, Eduardo anandiuza kuti, “Makhalidwe a koko la Salvador Criollo ndi aatali, osongoka, malata komansocundeamor[vwende owawa] kapenaangoletta[zambiri zozungulira] mafomu.Zimasintha kuchokera ku mitundu yobiriwira kukhala yofiira kwambiri pamene milingo ya kukhwima ili bwino, ndi njere zoyera ndi zamkati zoyera.

“Chitsanzo china, Ocumare, ndi Criollo yamakono yofanana ndi mtundu wa 'Trinitario' wokhala ndi chiyero cha 89%.Ili ndi poto yayitali yofanana ndi Salvador Criollo, ndi kusintha kwa mtundu kuchokera ku mabulosi kupita ku lalanje pamene milingo ya kukhwima ili bwino.Komabe, nyemba za koko ndi zofiirira ndi phata loyera… Zonse zimatengera kusintha kwa koko, komwe kumadalira dera, nyengo, nthaka, ndi zina zotero.”

Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuti mlimi adziwe mbewu yake.Popanda kudziwa izi, sangathe kudziwa pamene nyemba zacha - chinthu chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri pa khalidwe la chokoleti.

Makoko a koko akuyandikira kukhwima bwino pa Finca Joya Verde, El Salvador.

The Mesocarp

Wokhuthala, wosanjikiza uyu amakhala pansi pa exocarp.Nthawi zambiri imakhala yamitengo pang'ono.

The Endocarp

Endocarp imatsatira mesocarp ndipo ndi gawo lomaliza la "chipolopolo" chozungulira nyemba za cacao ndi zamkati.Tikamapitilira mkati mwa cocoa pod, imakhala yonyowa pang'ono komanso yofewa.Komabe, imawonjezeranso kapangidwe kake ndi kukhazikika kwa pod.

Ngakhale kuti n’zofunika kwambiri kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi thanzi labwino, Eduardo anandiuza kuti “magulu a cacao (exocarp, mesocarp, ndi endocarp) sakhudza kukoma kwake m’njira iliyonse.”

Msuzi wa Kakao

Nsongazo zimakutidwa ndi zoyera, zomata kapena ntchofu zomwe zimangochotsedwa panthawi yowira.Mofanana ndi khofi, zamkati zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri.Mosiyana ndi khofi, komabe, imatha kudyedwa yokha.

Pedro anandiuza kuti: “Anthu ena amapanga juwisi, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakumwa, ayisikilimu, ndi jamu [ndi madzi].Ili ndi kukoma kwapadera, kowawasa ndipo anthu ena amati ili ndi mphamvu ya aphrodisiac. ”

Nicholas Yamada, katswiri wa chokoleti wa ku São Paulo, akuwonjezera kuti ndi wofanana ndi jackfruit koma wocheperako."Kuwala kwa acidity, kokoma kwambiri, 'Tutti Frutti chingamu'-monga," akufotokoza.

Khoko la koko ladulidwa pakati, kusiya njere zokutidwa ndi zamkati zikuwonekera.

The Rachis/Funicle & Placenta

Si njere zomwe zili mkati mwa zamkati.Mupezanso funicle yolumikizana pakati pawo.Iyi ndi phesi yopyapyala yonga ulusi yomwe imakakamira njere ku nkhokwe.The funicle ndi placenta, monga zamkati, zimasweka panthawi yovunda.

Khola la cacao lagawika pakati pakukonza, ndikuwulula zamkati, nyemba, ndi funicle.

Mbewuwa coco Pod

Ndipo potsiriza, timafika gawo lofunika kwambiri - kwa ife!- za khola: mbewu.Izi ndizomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala chokoleti chathu chakumwa ndi zakumwa.

Alfredo akufotokoza kuti: “M’kati mwake, mumapeza nyemba za cacao, zimene zakutidwa ndi nsonga, zoikidwa m’mizere yozungulira thumba la mphuno kapena nsabwe m’njira yakuti zizioneka ngati chitsononkho cha chimanga.”

Eh Chocolatier akunena kuti njerezo zimapangika ngati amondi athyathyathya, ndipo nthawi zambiri mumapeza 30 mpaka 50 a iwo mumtsuko.

Nkhuku za cacao za Trinitario zakupsa;mbewu yokutidwa ndi zamkati woyera.

KODI TINGAGWIRITSE NTCHITO POD YONSE YA KACAO?

Ndiye, ngati mbewu za koko ndi gawo lokhalo la chipatso chomwe chimathera mu chokoleti chathu, kodi zikutanthauza kuti zotsalazo zimangowonongeka?

Osati kwenikweni.

Tanena kale kuti zamkati zimatha kudyedwa zokha.Kuwonjezera pamenepo, Eduardo anandiuza kuti: “M’mayiko a ku Latin America, koko [zapakhomo] amazigwiritsa ntchito podyetsa ziweto.”

Alfredo akuwonjezera kuti "zakudya za cacao ndizosiyanasiyana.Pamsonkhano wa khola ku Thailand, iwo anapereka chakudya chamadzulo chokhala ndi zakudya [zoposa 70] zosiyanasiyana monga supu, mpunga, nyama, ndiwo zamasamba, zakumwa ndi zina.”

Ndipo Pedro akufotokoza kuti, ngakhale zinthu zomwe sizikudyedwa, zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.“Chigoba cha nkhanu chikakololedwa bwino, chimasiyidwa m’mundamo chifukwa ntchentche yotchedwa Forcipomyia (tizilombo tomwe timathandiza kutulutsa mungu wa duwa la koko) imaikira mazira mmenemo.Kenako [chigobacho] chimadzabweranso m’nthaka chikawonongeka,” akutero.“Alimi ena amapanga kompositi ndi zigobazo chifukwa zili ndi potaziyamu wochuluka ndipo zimathandiza kuti zinthu za m’nthaka zikhale bwino.”

Makoko a koko amamera pamtengo wa koko ku Finca Joya Verde, El Salvador.

Tikamavundukula chokoleti chokoma kuti tiwone mchere woziziritsa komanso wakuda mkati mwake, zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe wopanga amatsegula ndikutsegula khola la koko.Komabe zikuwonekeratu kuti chakudyachi ndi chodabwitsa pamlingo uliwonse: kuchokera ku nkhanu zokongola zomwe zimamera pakati pa maluwa osakhwima a cacao mpaka chomaliza chomwe timadya moyamikira kwambiri.